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The barrier property of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate has been extensively studied clinically and experimentally. also showed that in vitro experiments supported the hypothesis that octyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive is an effective barrier to microbial penetration by gram-positive and gram-negative motile and nonmotile species. The results of a time-kill study were consistent with a bacteriostatic adhesive effect of the adhesive against Staphylococcus aureus. Wounds closed with adhesive alone had lower counts than wounds containing suture material ( P < 0.05). studied the effects of closing lacerations with suture or with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive on staphylococcal counts in inoculated guinea pig lacerations. Bayer, in Smart Nanoparticles for Biomedicine, 2018 5.2 Microbial Barrier Properties of CyanoacrylatesĬyanoacrylates are also known as inherently bacteriostatic.
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The low blooming adhesives also have the added advantage of being free of the irritating odor of simple ethyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesives.Ĭyanoacrylate adhesives for low surface energy substrates Monomers with low vapor pressure such as hexyl or octyl CA are not used because the cured polymer is too soft and flexible for many adhesive applications. These monomers were chosen because of their balance of low vapor pressure and cured polymer properties. The most commonly used are β-methoxyethyl and β-ethoxyethyl cyanoacrylates. To avoid this effect a range of cyanoacrylate adhesives based on monomers with lower vapor pressure is available. This polymerized monomer forms a chalky white deposit referred to as ‘blooming’.
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When bonds are prepared with ethyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive, there is a tendency for the monomer vapor to polymerize on surfaces exterior to the bond line. The distinctive feature is that the polymer formed remains flexible in the bond line indefinitely. The fast UV cure means that the adhesives can be used on UV transparent substrates in thick bond lines.įlexible cyanoacrylate adhesives contain external plasticizers or are based on higher alkyl cyanoacrylate/ethyl cyanoacrylate/plasticizer mixtures.
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UV curable ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesives include low levels of materials that can undergo UV photo-generation of nucleophilic initiators. Thermal bond strength enhancing additives are also added to ‘toughened CAs’ to offer multiple benefits. The higher values are obtained on flexible, base free substrates. However, the useful temperature limit on regular CA products is usually between 80 and 120☌. Polymeric cyanoacrylates start to decompose thermally (unzipping) at temperatures approaching 140☌. Thermally resistant ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesives The inclusion of additives such as polyethyleneoxy compounds and, especially, crown ethers, gives rise to enhanced cure on porous substrates such as leather and wood.Ĭyanoacrylate adhesives offer much enhanced toughness by the inclusion of elastomeric materials capable of undergoing phase separation on curing.
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Surface insensitive ethyl cyanoacrylate adhesivesĬyanoacrylates are cured by anions or nucleophiles on the substrate to be bonded. Thickening is usually accomplished by the addition of a carefully chosen grade of poly(methylmethacrylate). Guthrie, in Advances in Structural Adhesive Bonding, 2010 5.5.2 Types of cyanoacrylate adhesivesĪ cyanoacrylate adhesive based on ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate that may be thickened. One general method for the improvement of solvent resistance is the addition of difunctional monomers to crosslink the resulting adhesive polymer.
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This could be an advantage in the cases where skin is accidentally bonded to a surface, but some applications do require good solvent resistance. The use of higher molecular weight monomers, such as the alkoxy esters, eliminates this problem.Īll of the commercially available monomers are monofunctional, leading to the formation of a thermoplastic adhesive polymer with poor solvent resistance toward polar organic solvents, such as acetone or methylene chloride. It is the result of the evaporation of a small amount of the adhesive monomer from where it was applied onto the adjoining surface and its subsequent polymerization. Ethyl cyanoacrylate is the monomer which is most widely used in both consumer and industrial applications, because of its combination of fast cure speed and ease of manufacture.īlooming is the phenomenon of the formation of a white residue of cured adhesive near a bond line.